2022考研英语:英语长难句破解阅读难题的方法
第一步:Unfortunately,L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.
首先帮助大家解决本句中可能存在的词汇障碍:
inflexible a.顽固的,僵化的
mandate v. 命令,指令
academic a. 学习的,学术的
第二步对长难句进行断句,找出标点,从属连词等标志,可以把句子断成如下的结构:①Unfortunately,L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy // ②which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, // ③homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.(第一处逗号前只有一个词,不作为断句的标志,从属连词which前可以断开,that引导的从句不断,因为只有两个单词,太短了)
第三步分析断开的各部分结构的成分,句首副词做状语,修饰整个句子。其中本句的主干成分:L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy。Which引导的从句是定语从句,来修饰先行词policy。其中在which定从结构中出现了从句套从句的现象,包含了that引导的宾语从句,做which从句中mandate的宾语。That引导的宾从中,主干是homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.状语结构是 with the exception of some advanced courses。
那么最后就是去分析理解我们的这组长难句了:
①Unfortunately,L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy.(此句中没有需要调整的修饰成分,直接顺译即可)—不幸的是,洛杉矶校区已经制定了一项硬性的政策
②which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses(此句中which定从整体过长,不用倒译,直接定语从句顺译即可,which可以翻译成修饰的名词policy或者代词)—这项政策规定除了一些高级课程之外,
③homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.(此句中of短语做后置定语来修饰前面的比例,需要调整。主干成分直接顺译即可)—家庭作业在学生的成绩中所占的比例不再超过10%。
整体句意就打通了:不幸的是,洛杉矶校区已经制定了一项硬性的政策,这项政策规定除了一些高级课程之外,家庭作业在学生的成绩中所占的比例不再超过10%。